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Lakota Wisdom & Westward Expansion

The following web links contain information that adds to the historical and cultural background of Song of Sitting Bull. They have been chosen for their educational content only. Spirit Series does not endorse, recommend or support any product or service that may be advertised on these sites.

Battle of Little Bighorn

Battle Of Little Bighorn video (9.25 min.): https://mainepublic.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/the-battle-of-little-bighorn-video/ken-burns-the-west/
http://montanakids.com/history_and_prehistory/battlefields/little_bighorn.htm
https://www.nps.gov/libi/index.htm
https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/battle-of-the-little-bighorn
https://www.standingrock.org/about/history/fort-laramie-treaty/
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/today/jun25.html (scroll down for text)

Lakota History and Culture

Spirit Series Conversation with artist Lyle Miller, Sr.

CHORUS 1 CHARACTER RESEARCH

Buffalo People
https://americanindian.si.edu/nk360/plains-belonging/itbc.cshtml

Drinks Water—ancestral Lakota medicine man
See: “Lakota History and Culture”

Four Horns—Sitting Bull’s uncle/Lakota shirt-wearer
http://www.littlebighorn.info/Indians/FourHorns.htm

Good-Voiced Elk—war chief at Sitting Bull’s 1st coup
See: “Lakota History and Culture”

Her Holy Door—Sitting Bull’s mother
See: “Lakota History and Culture”
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/329959110172009594/ (sitting, on left)

Little Crow—Lakota elder
https://www.legendsofamerica.com/na-littlecrow/

Returns Again—Sitting Bull’s father
See: “Lakota History and Culture”

CHORUS 2 CHARACTER RESEARCH

Crow Foot—Sitting Bull’s son
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crow_Foot

Four Robes—Sitting Bull’s wife
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sitting_Bull%27s_family_by_DF_Barry,_c1891.jpg (2nd from left)

Good Feather—Sitting Bull’s widowed sister
See: “Sitting Bull” & “Lakota History and Culture”
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/329959110172009594/ (standing, on left)

Has Many Horses—Sitting Bull’s child
http://www.worldwisdom.com/public/imagegallery/slideshow.aspx?Category=American+Indian&SubCategory=Women&GalleryID=28&Page=1

Seen By The Nation—Sitting Bull’s wife/Four Robes’ sister
See: “Sitting Bull” & “Lakota History and Culture”
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sitting_Bull%27s_family_by_DF_Barry,_c1891.jpg (2nd from right)

Snow On Her—Sitting Bull’s wife
https://www.geni.com/people/Snow-On-Her/4196798974730038598

Walks Looking (a.k.a. Walks Along)—Sitting Bull’s child
See: “Sitting Bull” & “Lakota History and Culture”
https://www.pinterest.com/pin/329959110172009594/ (standing, on right)

CHORUS 3 CHARACTER RESEARCH

Big Road—Oglala War Chief
See “Battle of Little Bighorn”
http://www.american-tribes.com/Lakota/BIO/BigRoad.htm

Black Elk—famed Oglala medicine man
http://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/black-elk 
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3734.html

Red Horse—Minniconjous War Chief (in Lakota: Minni-akiya-oju)
https://museum.stanford.edu/about/press-releases/exhibition-presents-rarely-seen-warriors-visual-account-famous-battle-and

Crazy Horse—greatest Oglala War Chief
http://www.biography.com/people/crazy-horse-9261082
http://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/crazy-horse
https://crazyhorsememorial.org/
https://www.wolakotaproject.org/tasunke-witko/

Little Big Man—Oglala warrior
http://www.american-tribes.com/Lakota/BIO/LittleBigMan.htm

Low Dog—Oglala War Chief
http://www.indigenouspeople.net/lowdog.htm

Spotted Tail—Brule War Chief
http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h3843.html

CHORUS 4 CHARACTER RESEARCH

General George Crook—Peace Commissioner
https://www.legendsofamerica.com/ah-georgecrook/

Senator Henry Dawes—leading “Friend of the Indian”
http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Henry_Laurens_Dawes.aspx

Ulysses S. Grant—U.S. President/Civil War hero
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nativevoices/timeline/342.html
http://www.mscomm.com/~ulysses/
http://americanhistory.about.com/od/ulyssessgrant/p/pgrant.htm

Edward Henry Harriman—railroad magnate
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E._H._Harriman
http://www.pbs.org/harriman/1899/1899_part/participantharriman.html

General Nelson “Bear Coat” Miles—prime Indian fighter
https://www.legendsofamerica.com/nelson-miles/
https://www.thoughtco.com/lieutenant-general-nelson-a-miles-2360132

General William T. Sherman
https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil-war-in-america/biographies/william-t-sherman.html
https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/william-t-sherman

CHORUS 5 CHARACTER RESEARCH

Crawler—Sitting Bull’s boyhood friend
http://www.american-tribes.com/Lakota/BIO/Crawler.htm

Standing Bear—respected Miniconjou warrior (in Lakota: Mnikowoju)
https://moabmc.org/chief-standing-bear#biography

Gall—great Hunkpapa warrior/War Chief
http://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2008/fall/gall.html
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/224173/Gall

Iron Hawk —respected Hunkpapa warrior
https://www.astonisher.com/archives/museum/iron_hawk_little_big_horn.html
https://davidhumphreysmiller.org/iron-hawk/

Jumping Bull—Sitting Bull’s adopted brother
See “Battle of Little Bighorn” & “Lakota History and Culture”

One Bull—Sitting Bull’s nephew
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Bull

White Bull—Sitting Bull’s nephew/Miniconjou warrior & Chief
http://www.nps.gov/libi/historyculture/white-bull.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Bull

CHORUS 6 CHARACTER RESEARCH

Bloody Knife—Arikara Scout who worked with Custer
http://www.american-tribes.com/Arikara/bio/BloodyKnife.htm
https://www.notesfromthefrontier.com/post/bloody-knife-custer-s-favorite-scout

Mitch Bouyer—French Canadian/Indian interpreter
http://www.friendslittlebighorn.com/Mitch%20Bouyer.htm

Boston Custer—Colonel Custer’s youngest brother
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Custer
https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7147125/boston-custer

Colonel George Armstrong Custer
http://www.nps.gov/libi/learn/historyculture/lt-col-george-armstrong-custer.htm
http://militaryhistory.about.com/od/1800sarmybiographies/p/custer.htm
http://www.history.com/topics/george-armstrong-custer

Captain Thomas Custer—Colonel Custer’s brother
http://www.users.globalnet.co.uk/%7epardos/TomCusterArticle.html

Isaiah Dorman—African American/Indian interpreter
http://www.blackpast.org/aaw/dorman-isaiah-1840-1876
https://www.nps.gov/libi/learn/historyculture/isaiah-dorman.htm

CHORUS 7 CHARACTER RESEARCH

Captain Frederick Benteen—commander of Companies D, H, K
http://www.historynet.com/frederick-w-benteen.htm
http://www.cleavelin.net/benteen.html

Curly—Crow scout working with Custer

https://www.astonisher.com/archives/museum/curley_little_big_horn.html
https://www.historynet.com/curley-custer-not-end.htm

Libbie Custer—Married to George Armstrong Custer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Bacon_Custer
http://www.mandanhistory.org/biographiesak/elizabethcuster.html

Young Hawk—Arikara scout working with Custer

https://www.astonisher.com/archives/museum/young_hawk_little_big_horn.html

Major Marcus Reno—commander of Companies A,G,M

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus_Reno
https://www.nps.gov/libi/learn/historyculture/major-marcus-reno.htm

White Man Runs Him—Crow scout working with Custer

http://www.astonisher.com/archives/museum/white_man_runs_him_little_big_horn.html

Sergeant Charles Windolph—under Major Reno’s command

http://www.astonisher.com/archives/museum/chas_windolph_little_big_horn.html

CHORUS 8 CHARACTER RESEARCH

Bull Head—reservation policeman/one of Sitting Bull’s killers
https://www.odmp.org/officer/2470-lieutenant-henry-bullhead
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sitting-bull-killed-by-indian-police

Buffalo Bill Cody—great showman/friend of Sitting Bull
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Bill
http://www.biography.com/people/buffalo-bill-cody-9252268#buffalo-bill-the-hero

Major James McLaughlin—Agent at Standing Rock who ordered Sitting Bull’s arrest
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_McLaughlin_(Indian_agent)

Red Cloud—Oglala reservation Chief
https://www.biography.com/people/red-cloud-9453402

Queen Victoria of England
http://womenshistory.about.com/od/victoriaqueen/p/queen_victoria.htm
http://www.biography.com/people/queen-victoria-9518355

Major James Walsh—R.C.M.P./friend of Sitting Bull
http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/walsh_james_morrow_13E.html
https://www.yorktonthisweek.com/news/local-news/history-corner-major-james-morrow-walsh-fort-walsh-north-west-territories-1.23106561

Sitting Bull/Thathan’ka Iyota’ka—Lakota Chief
http://www.nps.gov/libi/learn/historyculture/sitting-bull.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitting_Bull
http://www.indigenouspeople.net/sittbull.htm
https://www.history.com/topics/native-american-history/sitting-bull